[221] Spanish is the language next most commonly spoken at home, with about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4% of the population) in 2011. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. Montana", "Montana | Capital, Population, Climate, Map, & Facts", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Montana; United States", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. [181], Montana has 56 counties and a total of 364 "places" as defined by the United States Census Bureau; the latter comprising 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. The closest commercial service airport is the Billings-Logan International Airport located at 1901 Terminal Cir, Billings, Montana 59105. The Bison Range is managed by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the American Prairie is owned and operated by a nonprofit organization. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. Youth Courts have jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony acts committed by those charged as a juvenile under the law. Impact. State Symbols Official Designations", "St. Mary's Mission in Stevensville designated National Historic District", "Tester Asks Navy to Christen Submarine USS Montana", "Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana-Endangered Species Act", "Trapping and Furbearer Management in Montana", "Upper Yellowstone River Mapping Project", "USGS Geonames Search Result-Montana+Stream", "Vermont Remains Top State in Capita per Brewery", "Welcome to the Montana High School Association", "Welcome to the World Ski Joring Championships", "Yellowstone in Winter: Current Management and Planning", List of Searchable Databases Produced by Montana State Agencies, Montana Energy Data & StatisticsFrom the U.S. Department of Energy, Montana State Facts From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USGS Real-time, Geographic, and Other Scientific Resources of Montana, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana&oldid=1134416842, States and territories established in 1889, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2014, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with dead external links from February 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Total employer establishments: 38,720 (As of 2018. [204] Today, the Missoula area has a large Hmong population[205] and the nearly 3,000 Montanans who claim Filipino ancestry are the largest Asian-American group in the state. There is a Youth Court in every judicial district, and decisions of the Youth Court are appealable directly to the Montana Supreme Court. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. [33][34] The Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in Deer Lodge is maintained today as a link to the ranching style of the late 19th century. [202], In the 2015 United States census estimates, Montana had the second-highest percentage of U.S. military veterans living there. Billings Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. The Water Court consists of a chief water judge and four district water judges (Lower Missouri River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin, Yellowstone River Basin, and Clark Fork River Basin). [231] Significant industries exist for lumber and mineral extraction; the state's resources include gold, coal, silver, talc, and vermiculite. During World War II, the planned battleship USS Montana was named in honor of the state but it was never completed. [59] In 191718, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,[59] volunteered or were drafted into the armed forces. Montanas land area is 145,545 square miles. [167], The climate has become warmer in Montana[when?] [201], The Chinese in Montana, while a low percentage today, have been a historically important presence. [191], According to the 2020 census, 88.9% of the population was White (87.8% non-Hispanic White), 6.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.1% Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.9% Asian, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 2.8% from two or more races. [309] The draft included an expanded, more progressive list of civil and political rights, extended these rights to children for the first time, transferred administration of property taxes to the counties from the state, implemented new water rights, eliminated sovereign immunity, and gave the legislature greater power to spend tax revenues. Complicating the wartime struggles, the 1918 influenza epidemic claimed the lives of more than 5,000 Montanans. The United States Census Bureau states that the population of Montana was 1,085,407 on April 1, 2020,[5] an 9.7% increase since the 2010 United States census. [55], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93million acres were farmed. [101] The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains,[102] Bull Mountains,[103] Castle Mountains,[104] Crazy Mountains,[105] Highwood Mountains,[106] Judith Mountains,[106] Little Belt Mountains,[104] Little Rocky Mountains,[106] the Pryor Mountains,[105] Little Snowy Mountains, Big Snowy Mountains,[103] Sweet Grass Hills,[103] andin the state's southeastern corner near Ekalakathe Long Pines. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The richest of all gold placer diggings was discovered at Alder Gulch, where the town of Virginia City was established. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. It is one of five states to have no sales tax.[317]. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). In 1916, Montana became the first state to elect a woman, Progressive Republican Jeannette Rankin, to Congress. [242] Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed the first public school in Virginia City in 1886. [43], The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. [256] Montana allows the smallest"Class C"high schools to utilize six-man football teams,[257] dramatized in the independent 2002 film The Slaughter Rule.[258]. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. [44] By 1880, farms were in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few were on the eastern plains. More than 40 spent time in prison. Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. The most notorious of Montana's early senators was William A. Clark, a "Copper King" and one of the 50 richest Americans ever. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. When the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba, President John F. Kennedy said the Soviets backed down because they knew he had an "ace in the hole", referring directly to the Minuteman missiles in Montana. Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. 1 bed. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. [59] The suppression of civil liberties that occurred led some historians to dub this period "Montana's Agony". Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. [193], Montana has a larger Native American population, both numerically and as a percentage, than most U.S. states. There are five public service commissioners, who are elected on a regional basis. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. [201] The state's seven reservations include more than 12 distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups. [76], The state's topography is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. [227] At the 2020 Public Religion Research Institute's study, 57% of the adult population were Christian. All members are limited to serving no more than eight years in a single 16-year period. It is the second-largest House district by area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all [7] The economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. He is well known for having bribed his way into the U.S. Senate. [47] In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation. Its capital is Helena. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.[91]. Many well-known artists, photographers and authors have documented the land, culture and people of Montana in the last 130 years. For the song by Chris Whitley, see, Map of the United States with Montana highlighted, Reporting statehood from Helena: Full article text is. When so authorized by the legislature, actions of executive branch agencies may be appealed directly to a District Court. [160] Montana hosts five federally endangered speciesblack-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon, and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx, and bull trout. [86] The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the state also had an influx of Amish, who moved to Montana from increasingly urbanized areas of Ohio and Pennsylvania. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. The executive branch is headed by an elected governor. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. The legislature increased the number of justices to five in 1919. [68][69], By the time the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organization's annual conclaves. [18] In the 1850s, settlers began moving into the Beaverhead and Big Hole valleys from the Oregon Trail and into the Clark's Fork valley.[19]. In 1941, as she had in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business Hell Roaring Creek begins in southern Montana, and when combined with the Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, and Mississippi River, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. Montanas land area is 145,545 square miles. [46] In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. During the war, about 30 Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. Montana is a state in the United States. They say it will stay with you forever. [59] In the wake of ramped-up mine production and the Speculator Mine disaster in June 1917,[59] Industrial Workers of the World organizer Frank Little arrived in Butte to organize miners. [284], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. [172][174] Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold spells. census). [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism was strong. Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. Montana is an alcoholic beverage control state. Routes 2 and 12 and Montana Highway 200 also traverse the entire state from east to west. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. [293] There are 25 television stations in Montana, representing each major U.S. [11], The name was changed by representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. [211] For kindergarten through 12th-grade students, an "Indian Education for All" curriculum from the Montana Office of Public Instruction is available free to all schools. [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. [27] In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of bison herds to deprive Native people of their source of food. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. Browse by Montana counties. Many people left, and half the banks in the state went bankrupt as a result of providing mortgages that could not be repaid. Still, there are some spots that stand out. [126] The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. Population (2020) 1,084,225. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The Pend Oreille River joined the Columbia River, which flows to the Pacific Oceanmaking the 579-mile (932km) long Clark Fork/Pend Oreille (considered a single river system) the longest river in the Rocky Mountains. [12] Other names, such as Shoshone, were suggested, but the Committee on Territories decided that they had discretion to choose the name, so the original name of Montana was adopted. 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