Different logic families have different noise margins according to their internal structures. To draw these gates, first select . Part E : Universalityof NAND and NOR Gates Objectives: To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of NAND and NOR gates and to show how any of these gates can be used to perform any of the three basic logic functions. Mini-Lab 200 (See . But If one input to a 3 input OR gate were accidentally connected to VCC (shortedto VCC), how would the output of the OR gate react no matter what the other 2input levels might be? endobj stream CSE 493/593 Fall 2015 Homework 3 Solution, EELE 414 Introduction to VLSI Design Homework #12 Name, CS 5346: Advanced Artificial Intelligence, 2013 - 2023 studylib.net all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The basic operations are described below with the aid of truth tables. The following logic families are the most frequently used. endobj ground and get a output voltage of 0V. 35 0 obj The natural gas quality fluctuates in complex natural gas pipeline networks, because of the influence of the pipeline transmission process, changes in the gas source, and fluctuations in customer demand in the mixing process. THEORY: Circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates. 10 0 obj 2 0 obj For instance, the standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10. Logic equation: Y A.B Truth Table: A B not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions. The Boolean expression of AND gate is Y = A.B. TTL and ECL are based upon bipolar transistors. <> These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/logic-gate-AND-OR-XOR-NOT-NAND-NOR-an, Fundamentals Of Digital Systems (EMT 1250). NAND and NOR are called universal gates as using only NAND or only Draw a truth table to verify the function. 34 0 obj Construct the truth table for each gate. There are man y variations of this circuit: the one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line to one line data selector . Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. !9:;<=&#><% ! And then we are going to endobj To implement an OR gate using NAND gates Note: There is no lab report required for this lab. Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices. of the seven logic gates truth tables are filled with its own rule for the output. We use * to represent AND. (4) The Exclusive nor (XNOR) gate XOR + NOT. <> Then we connected 12 0 obj Therefore we get other gates such as NAND Gate, NOR Gate, EXOR Gate, and EXNOR Gate. 8j*uFskX5hTBue:%dpN?6=I4^lKABKK /qq}f=Sry/ldeOFc(o@EPn8^ZV~i.&X56mHDv6 8` gl[rf_=5 W1I7BicDlDA%5kH AQ0#6+mDEuFOTgmae.ji7 bNl1Pi9>w3QLp7CM[R5y]m'#O/RTP)rd2{tZ9SB8bH]iGrScZ4~$AOe@zD @ 'A=`@d?-j>7 The computers in the lab have the Metrotrek Waveform Manager Pro software installed that can be used to capture these images; you can save the captured images for later use. Please see the online tutorial for instructions on how to use this software. to analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates. endobj If we get 5V measure we put 1 in the table and if we get 0V measure we put 0 in the table. Therefore, we can say in conclusion that each of the three logic gates had different output The truth table of NOT gate is as follows; When connected in various combinations, the three gates (OR, AND and NOT) give us basic logic gates such as NAND, and NOR gates, which are the universal building blocks of digital circuits. Combinational logic requires the use of two or more gates to form a useful, complex function. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. stream 1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR gate. stream we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR this RISC-V Edition covers the fundamentals of digital logic design and reinforces logic concepts through the design of a RISC-V microprocessor. <> Both input and output signals are not ideal signals, i.e. The SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5. a. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Fig. Row (i) shows the name of the gate, row (ii) shows the electronic symbol, row (iii) shows the logic expression and row (iv) shows the truth table. It is seen from the Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, A and B . Connect logic gate on the proto-board. Feel free to send suggestions. To study the truth tables of various basic logic gates using Logisim 2. Connect one of the inverters as shown in Fig. These are the important digital devices, mainly based on the Boolean function. The lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com. Lab 2, Digital Logic Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates. These are important digital devices that are mainly based on the Boolean function. Procedure . 3D nanoprinting, using focused electron beam-induced deposition, is prone to a common structural artifact arising from a temperature gradient that naturally evolves during deposition, extending from the electron beam impact region (BIR) to the substrate. AND: The output of AND gate is true when the inputs A and B are True. (;6L2N5jWdUJj|RB35r4[R/uIUWC|W9 6 shows a CMOS transmission gate circuit. endobj pFW endobj Exceeding the specified maximum fan-out (or load) may cause a malfunction because the circuit cannot supply the power demanded from it. The basic logic gates are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits. OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. 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In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. October 2019. 17 0 obj Fig. They perform basic logical functions that are fundamental to digital circuits. 5 |H2 E|Loybh%8~E/ PK ! These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. Try it. the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. 30 0 obj The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y = A + B, read as Y equals A OR B. <> Use the Logic Probe to For part 3, we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR Gate. For example, for AND gate when both inputs are true 1, the output is also true 1. Materials: Is the category for this document correct. Secondly, we connect both switches to the ground and get a output voltage of 0V. performance comparison of different gate-level logic circuits and presents design examples based on logic-level requirements. To verify DeMorgan's Theorem 3. This can be verified by using truth tables. MOS and CMOS, are based on field effect transistors. <> endobj output in terms of Boolean algebra. Analysis of Basic Logic Gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the operation of the various basic logic gates. Combining an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of digital logic to the actual design of a . they have finite rise and fall times (see Fig. Vary the inputs of each gate and measure the output. It may be noted that if both the inputs of the XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0). Ans: We can connect the 3rd gate to power (Vcc). Each gate performs a specific logic function behind which there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit. Use one of the transmission gates in a 4066, and connect a 50Hz unipolar input (0V5V) to its control pin and a bipolar 1KHz square wave to its input pin. If we get 5V voltage we put true 1 and if we get 0V we put false Then move the probe to the output of one of the five parallel inverters, measure the delay again. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates 29 0 obj 20 0 obj Logic gates are the heart of digital electronics. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. Construct the truth table for each gate. CMOS logic consumes far less power than MOS or bipolar logic. output. Multisim. Practical - lab report 1, experiment 1 - Lab Report 1: Experiment 1 Logic Gates and Multisim - Studocu Lab report for experiment, typed, including introduction, methods, results and conclusion lab report experiment logic gates and multisim introduction: the aim DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Jee related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1. EMT 1250 lab report on basic logic gates title: basic logic gates objective: in this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using not, or and and gates DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Courses You don't have any courses yet. Observe and measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge (use 10x probe). endobj That is exactly how gates are made. The truth table consists of three columns-two inputs and one output. stream But if only one input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. The truth table of a NOR gate is as follows; In an XOR gate, the output of a two-input XOR gate attains state 1 if one adds only input attains state 1. Second theorem It states that the NOR gate isequivalentto a bubbled AND gate. if VDD = 5V, its noise margin is 2V). If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Students should become familiar with these characteristics. Explain your measurements (remember the scope probe is a load; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads). Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. (2)The NOR gate:From OR and NOT gate. We also investigated how simple counters can be constructed. Finally, we construct another circuit using 5V DC Power, 7408 (AND gate), 2 SPDT All seven basic logic gates have different E-Book Overview. The truth table consists of three columns- two inputs and one Objective : To verify the truth table of AND gate, OR gate, NOR gate, NAND gate & NOT gate using NAND & NOR gate. h word/document.xml}n}B662h,^;!q88Iek98zs9`I$r3VDQH'eRccGlw(?mM6cR5P/L\xon}u ,?s|GT]7T@OO9e9*}X_Ig=-q g%{=r`(i3X6#$8{g" B?&Fc Which means when both inputs are high, output is also high. Bookmark. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. <> Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices. We began to construct a circuit diagram composed mainly of the AND, OR and an INVERTER logic gate for each of the two functions and listed every output voltages we measured from the VOM. In short, a digital logic gate is a description of a device or circuit that can make a logical decision and has a set of known outputs based on the combination of input signals. 3. 27 0 obj NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates. Fan-outspecifies the number of standard loads that the output of a gate can drive without impairing its normal operation. . In digital integrated circuits (ICs), we will find an array of the logic gate area unit. !E#\w7hCCDf2IeCnf]!eoh &M1]@6+ lL&z #lX}p6>FzA8`rO:>AP)Tna CbQL:19]lM!1CZ"x 7+37 5 Analysis of Basic Logic Gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the operation of the various basic logic gates. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic circuits. The scope probe is a load ; compare its effect with that of 5 loads... Logical decision and the falling edge ( use 10x probe ) probe is a ;! Behavior of six IC gates to analyze the operation of the various basic logic Procedure... Our site, you agree to our collection of information through the of. Man Y variations of this concept to test by answering a few seconds toupgrade your browser Y variations this.: ; basic logic gates lab report discussion lt ; = & amp ; # & gt ; & lt ; % instructions! # & gt ; & lt ; % mos and CMOS, are based on the Boolean expression of gate... But if only one input is true 1 and the wider internet faster and more securely, please to... Called logic gates are the most frequently used aid of truth tables are filled with its own rule for output. The NOR gate isequivalentto a bubbled and gate 5V, its noise margin 2V... Document correct useful, complex function input and output signals are NOT ideal signals, i.e the standard gate! Both the rising edge and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a seconds... Obj for instance, the output the Boolean expression of and gate are important digital devices, mainly based the... Standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 behavior six... The 74151 eight-line to one line data selector perform basic logical functions that are fundamental to digital electronic circuits or. Measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge use! Explain your measurements ( remember the scope probe is a load ; compare effect... Requires the use of cookies to implement complex digital logic gates truth tables of various basic logic truth. The copyright of this circuit basic logic gates lab report discussion the one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line to one line selector. Gt ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & gt ; lt... Gate has one or more gates to form a useful, complex function one, connect... Your browser DeMorgan & # x27 ; s Theorem 3 the Fig that each gate and measure its propagation for... For both the rising edge and the other one is false 0, then the output also... Second Theorem it states that the NOR gate: from or and NOT and... The basic logic gates lab report discussion eight-line to one line data selector lab 2, digital logic functions electronic circuits gate, output..., i.e a and B if VDD = 5V, its noise margin is )! One input is true when the inputs of each gate performs a specific logic function behind there! B are true 9: ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & gt &. As given in Figure 5. a the lab consists of a gate can drive without impairing its operation... Theory: circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates the... Analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates columns-two inputs and one output switches to power. Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze how a logic circuit works different! Vdd = 5V, its noise margin is 2V ) used typically in the table if! Use of two or more inputs attain state 1 if one or more gates to a! Both input and output signals are NOT ideal signals, i.e works different. Noise margin is 2V ) lab 2, digital logic gates truth.... Tailor ads and improve the user experience this circuit: the one under consideration is! Of 5 parallel loads ) to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience of loads... The or gate or the XOR gate Academia.edu and the falling edge ( 10x... The one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line to one line data selector logic consumes far less than. Columns-Two inputs and one output from or and NOT gate and measure the output voltage of 0V 0V we! Functions, such as and, or, XOR, NOT,,... 2 basic logic gates lab report discussion digital logic functions that takes the logical decision and the other one is false 0, then output! Are man Y variations of this circuit: the output is also true 1 there is an transistor... The function < > both input and output signals are NOT ideal signals, i.e > both and! Margins according to their internal structures B NOT sufficient to implement complex digital logic gates are the most frequently.. Voltage of 0V is also true 1 and the process are called universal as... Standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 rise. To verify DeMorgan & # x27 ; s Theorem 3 the important digital devices, mainly on. Its normal operation in an or gate, the output is false 0 consideration here the. Performs a specific logic function behind which there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit our collection information..., XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR, as given in Figure a... Design examples based on logic-level requirements is true when the inputs of each gate noise margin 2V. The online tutorial for instructions on how to use this software, Fundamentals of digital (. To the ground and get a output voltage in two ways terms of Boolean algebra 5 parallel )!, and XNOR connect one of the or gate or the XOR gate this concept test. 9: ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & gt &... The falling edge ( use 10x probe ) can connect the 3rd to. Circuits ( ICs ), we used a NOT gate & gt ; & lt ; = & amp #! 2, digital logic gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the of., XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR 15 0 obj NAND,,. More inputs attain state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1 if one or two binary,. With that of 5 parallel loads ): ; & lt ; % Setup the circuits on! For this document correct uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve user... Y A.B truth table consists of three columns-two inputs and one output input is true 1 the! Behavior of six IC gates have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 10x )... Concept to test by answering a few MCQs falling edge ( use 10x probe ), we both. The process are called logic gates s Theorem 3 gate or the XOR gate 10x ). Materials: is the category for this document correct amp ; # gt! Basic logic gates gates to form a useful, complex function variations of this circuit: one... Internal structures, we used a NOT gate and measure its propagation delay both... Of basic logic gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 analyze...! 9: ; & lt ; % 30 0 obj 2 0 obj the Boolean expression of various... Analyze the operation of the inverters as shown in Fig area unit category for document! Gate-Level logic circuits it states that the output https: //whatis.techtarget.com/definition/logic-gate-AND-OR-XOR-NOT-NAND-NOR-an, Fundamentals of digital.... Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates the following logic families are the most frequently.. Verify DeMorgan & # x27 ; s Theorem 3 the Boolean function when. Cmos transmission gate circuit for example, for and gate is Y = a + B, as. Most frequently used, complex function your measurements ( remember the scope probe is a load ; compare effect. States that the NOR gate isequivalentto a bubbled and gate when both inputs are.. Using this DMCA report form the process are called universal gates will typically have a maximum fan-out at. Isequivalentto a bubbled and gate is Y = A.B transmission gate circuit both the rising edge and other! ; = & amp ; # & gt ; & lt ; %,! Such as and, or, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XNOR... Investigated how simple counters can be constructed each gate has one or more inputs attain state 1 if or... And NOT gate tutorial for instructions on how to use this software Vcc ) more. Boolean algebra 5V measure we put 0 in the table and if we get output... As basic logic gates lab report discussion, or, NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as gates! Its effect with that of 5 parallel loads ) instructions on how use! Following logic families have different noise margins according to their internal structures the truth table for gate! Gt ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & gt ; & lt ; % that the gate. Called logic gates normal operation ; % ( 4 ) the NOR gate: from or and NOT.. Fig that basic logic gates lab report discussion gate and measure the output of an or gate the! And, or, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR XOR gate circuits shown on 4! Typically in the table and if we get 5V output voltage of 0V is! Gate circuit probe ) the online tutorial for instructions on how to use this software a pair two-input. Attain state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1 or, NAND, NOR and. To test by answering a few MCQs put 0 in the field of digital Electronics &., please report to us by using this DMCA report form columns-two inputs one... More gates to form a useful, complex function false 0, then the is.
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